For the sake of collecting and analyzing the hedges in the novel, the current research has applied two translation approaches. Secondly, it examines the cultural role in translating the Arabic hedges into English. Firstly, the study attempts to explore the translation procedures that have been employed to translate the Arabic hedges into English.

In this research, two main objectives have been proposed. The collected data investigates the whole novel which consists of seven chapters in both versions. The novel is considered as a piece of resistance literature and it is translated into the English language by Hilary Klipatrick. This study is essentially projected to explore the process of translating hedges from the Arabic language into the English language in one of Gassan Kanafni’s master pieces “Rijal fi Ashams” and how the hedges forms are affected after the translation and it conveys more commitment or less according to the language culture and system. For the purposes of this thesis, this thesis gathers these appellations under a single and new title, that of the Machia-villain, a figure who stands for solely the darkest side of Niccolo Machiavelli‘s dictums. The characters created by those playwrights and which brought the name of Machiavelli such notoriety are commonly understood to be the Machiavellian villain, stage villain or supervillain by scholars of the Elizabethan stage. From teacher of princes, he came, through misinterpretation and misquotation, to be known as 'the teacher of evils‘. William Shakespeare and Christopher Marlowe‘s translations of Machiavellian thought to the Elizabethan stage plays a huge role in the way in which Machiavelli as a Renaissance thinker evolved into the notorious figure we know today. Although Machiavelli is accepted as the founder of modern politics, his subject not limited to the area of governance, but extends into many aspects of social life, including human relations, religion and personal interest. The collection of his thoughts came to be known, and disparaged, as Machiavellianism, and remains a long-lasting area of fascination for literary and particularly dramatic output.

Niccolo Machiavelli famously outlined the traits of an ideal ruler in his two most well-known books, The Prince and Discourses.

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